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Two-body orbit: closed, periodic, exactly solvable

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Is the universe computable? · The question

01 / 04

01 · THE QUESTION

Is the universe computable?

If the world runs on rules, something ought to be able to run them. Gödel, chaos and thermodynamics all disagree about how far that goes.

18 min essay · 4 min summary

02 · THE PICTURES

Four pictures it keeps returning to

A proof, a trajectory, a machine made of four rules, and the room where “in principle” first started costing electricity.

Passport photograph of Alan Turing at sixteen
Turing, 1936Defines what a machine can compute, and proves some questions it cannot settle.
A Lorenz attractor: one trajectory looping through two lobes
The attractorDeterministic and still unpredictable. Integrated here from Lorenz’s 1963 equations.
Gosper’s glider gun in Conway’s Game of Life, emitting gliders
A glider gunGame of Life is Turing complete. A universe of four rules already computes.
Two operators working at the ENIAC computer
ENIAC, 1946Where computability stopped being a proof and started being a power bill.

Turing: public domain. Glider gun (Lucas Vieira) and ENIAC: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. The attractor is computed for this page.

03 · VIEWPOINTS

Two readings, both defensible

We publish the strongest case against our own reading. If the counter-argument is weak here, that is our failure.

For computability

Every physical process we have examined turns out to be simulable given enough resources. “Enough resources” is an engineering complaint, not a metaphysical one.

The position the video leans toward

Against

Undecidability is not a resource complaint: no amount of compute settles it. And treating the universe as executing a computation smuggles in a substrate and a clock no physics requires.

The strongest objection we could find

04 · DISCUSSION

The argument is already running

This week: if a model predicts a material’s behaviour correctly but no one can say why, has physics been done?

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